Redovisa ett lämpligt gruppens eget urval* av finansiella nyckeltal.
Det går bra och är valfritt att använda företagets egna 'färdigräknade' nyckeltal ur företagets externa redovisning i årsredovisningen, på företagets webbplats, på nasdaqomx webb nämnda nyckeltal, finansiella analytikers nyckeltal (t.ex Nordnet eller Avanza), eller nyckeltal från medier eller rådgivare som https://www.aktiespararna.seLinks to an external site. och https://www.ungaaktiesparare.se Links to an external site.eller egna beräkningar.
* något nyckeltal bör vara finansiellt företagsrelaterat (dvs t.ex räntabilitet, soliditet)
* något nyckeltal bör vara aktierelaterat (dvs t.ex resultat per aktie eller utdelning eller direktavkastning)
* något nyckeltal bör vara hållbarhetsrelaterat (dvs t.ex energiförbrukning eller om återvinning)
* något nyckeltal bör vara personalrelaterat (dvs t.ex hälsa, sjukfrånvaro eller kompetens )
delfråga b/
Redovisa 3 - 5 risker som gruppen bedömer, eller som trovärdig källa anger, kan påverka utvecklingen för företagets lönsamhet, verksamhet och därigenom aktiens värde på börsen. Många företag, men inte alla har ett särskilt avsnitt i årsredovisningen om risker. Även revisionsberättelsen nämner ibland väsentliga risker.
delfråga c/
Redogör kortfattat men tydligt för hur företaget beskriver sin organisation av verksamheten.
Om företagets beskrivning är omfattande så går det bra att göra ett urval ur den.
Nämn till vilken eller vilka ’modeller’ i kursboken MIE (kapitel 15-16) som beskrivningen av företagets organisation kan relateras. Med 'modeller' menas förenklande beskrivningar, t.ex en organisationsdiagram, för att beskriva verkligheten.
delfråga d/
Med gruppens samlade bedömning - baserat på gruppens svar i delfrågorna a-c - lämna gruppens egen rekommendation för att
* med kortfattade och sakliga argument investera 10.000 sek i företagets aktie
e l l e r
* med kortfattade och sakliga argument inte investera 10.000 sek i företagets aktie och hur samma belopp istället ska sparas
LAB 3 Del B - om ledarskap
• Se länkar nedan och lyssna på en valfri podcast e l l e r läs en valfri artikel om ledarskap.
• Återge med gruppens egna ord och synpunkter - vad är väsentliga egenskaper som ledare och chef ?
Nedan 1-4 är möjliga stödfrågor. Just stödfrågorna 1-4 behöver inte besvaras, gruppen har frihet att själv definiera hur frågeställningen ska redovisas, med kritiskt valda valida, dvs trovärdiga, källor, rubriker, stödfrågor och egna synpunkter.
1 Vilka egenskaper ska en person ha för att vara chef ?
2 Vilka egenskaper inspirerar hos en chef ?
3 Skiljer sig 'att vara chef' från 'att leda' eller är det samma sak ?
4 Vilken roll spelar värderingar för att vara 'en bra chef' eller 'ledare' ?
möjlig källa är även boken ’Modern Industriell Ekonomi’ kapitel 15 (och delar i kapitel 16-18)
Podar om ledarskap och det går även bra att söka egna (var källkritisk)
Boston Consulting Group och McKinsey är världens kanske mest inflytelserika konsultföretag i rådgivning till ledningsgrupper bland många av världens största företag och Harvard Business Review är bland världens mest inflytelserika tidskrifter om ledning av företag
College graduation in the time of Covid-19 is missing the usual inspirational speeches that come with commencement. So we asked some distinguished people to offer their wisdom and perspective. Here’s what they shared.
Hang In There, Graduates—and Don’t Make Excuses
Remember how lucky you are, keep trying hard things and work in a spirit of generosity
By Amy Chua
Class of 2020, my heart goes out to you! You’ve somehow made it through all those grueling tests and papers and messy breakups that always happen at the exact same time. You should be out partying, hugging your friends goodbye and excitedly awaiting the descent onto your sunny campus of all the relatives who love you and are so proud of you but can’t necessarily stand each other and might actually want to claw each other’s eyes out. But instead you’re in quarantine, stuck in a house, possibly with those same people.
You should be so looking forward to wearing a gown and mortarboard and getting your diploma and being transported by the powerful words of one of the three people left in America still considered uncontroversial enough to give a commencement speech. Instead you’re in pajamas, watching reruns of “The Office,” slowly regressing into your worst childhood self.
But try to think of it this way: You’re actually making history! Someday, you’ll be able to tell your grandkids, “I was there—I lived through the coronavirus pandemic of 2020.”
—Ms. Chua is a professor at Yale Law School and the author of “Battle Hymn of the Tiger Mother.
**
The Better World That You’ll Build
Think about your own role, however large or small, in making the world a better place for everyone
By Bill and Melinda Gates
Most commencement addresses do not change the course of history. On a sunny afternoon in 1947, then-Secretary of State George C. Marshall gave one that did.
Speaking at Harvard University, the former general reminded his audience that a few thousand miles away from where they gathered that day, the aftermath of World War II had plunged Europe into poverty, hunger and despair. The American people, he explained, had a responsibility to come to Europe’s aid despite being themselves so “distant from the troubled areas of the earth.” Even if you’ve never heard that speech, you are probably familiar with the policy agenda it proposed: the Marshall Plan, which helped speed Western Europe’s recovery and usher in a new era of peace and prosperity.
Today, as then, the world faces mass suffering and economic devastation. Again, nations will need to pull together to rebuild. But this time, you, the graduating class of 2020, don’t need a commencement speaker to paint a picture of the “troubled areas of the earth.” The Covid-19 crisis we confront today is not a localized experience but a truly global one.
The inextricable ties between the people of the world are something that your generation understands better than perhaps any that has come before it. Many of you have been logging onto the internet since you could read. You’ve grown up with access to pop culture, news and perspectives from societies thousands of miles from your home. And the major challenges looming over your future—disease outbreaks, climate change, gender inequality, poverty—are also being confronted by your peers in every part of the globe.
—Mr. and Mrs. Gates are cochairs of the Bill & Melinda Gates Foundation.
**
Dreams Made Possible by Others
Society depends on many small sacrifices that amount to a huge collective benefit
By Kwame Anthony Appiah
At a normal commencement, there are two forms of celebration. On the one hand, we celebrate each graduate’s individual achievements in getting a college degree. On the other, we applaud the families, the teachers and the classmates who sustained them. We recognize that there’s something to honor in each of the students, while acknowledging, too, that they would not have made it on their own.
So, who really deserves the credit? Silly question, of course. They all do. The importance of both our individuality and our dependencies is also a lesson of the pandemic—the pandemic that has sent the usual commencement assembly of celebrants into a digital diaspora.
How, after all, have we prevented this coronavirus from unleashing its worst? By the heroic exertions of health-care workers, certainly. But also by small acts performed by countless Americans—staying home, maintaining a safe distance from one another. Each of us is entitled to take our individual credit for that, collecting a diploma, as it were, in social distancing. Yet your individual contribution helps only when the rest of us do our part, too. In combination, our small contributions take on the magnitude of a large-scale lifesaving intervention. We’re doing something great together.
There’s a flip side. The actions of one ordinary person can do a great deal of harm. We’ve all heard stories of a single “super spreader” infecting a room full of celebrants, with further infections radiating out from there. Small positive acts by many save lives; a small lapse by one can cost them.
—Mr. Appiah is a professor of philosophy and law at New York University. His most recent book is “The Lies That Bind: Rethinking Identity
**
The American Way Is to Muddle Through
Your forebears also had to navigate paths of adversity. Though at least we didn’t have your toilet-paper shortage
By Dave Barry
I won’t sugar-coat this: You’re graduating in a depressing and scary time. So I will begin with some words from Abraham Lincoln, who in 1861, during another dark time in our history—a time when people desperately needed a reason to hope—said, quote: “Well, THIS sucks.”
How true Lincoln’s words ring today, especially for you, the Class of 2020. In happier times, graduates ended the school year with festive commencement celebrations, then ventured out into a wide-open world—a world of hope, a world of opportunity, a world (it seems like a dream now) of abundant toilet paper.
Things are very different for you, the Class of 2020. You had to finish your education with virtual classes; if you’re lucky, you will get a virtual commencement ceremony. (”Virtual” is Latin for “bad”). Instead of venturing out into the real world, you’re stuck at home, living a virtual life. Nobody is knocking on your door with job offers. Nobody is knocking on your door, except Uber Eats.
So that’s the bad news, the Class of 2020. But there’s an old saying that old people say: “Every cloud has a silver lining.” So instead of dwelling on the negative aspects of the current situation, let’s look at the positives. Here’s one: If not for the pandemic, the American people would not, as a nation, have found the time to watch all seven episodes of “Tiger King.” And that’s only one example of a positive. I frankly can’t think of any others.
—Mr. Barry is a Pulitzer Prize-winning humor writer and the author, recently, of “Lessons From Lucy.”
**
An Attitude of Gratitude
We are getting a small taste of how much we stand to lose when our freedom is restricted and our health threatened
By Nikki Haley
Congratulations to the graduating class of 2020!
This is not how you imagined your graduation. With a graduating senior at home, our family never imagined we would celebrate this milestone in our pajamas. But life has a strange way of challenging us.
The unusual circumstances call for a different kind of speech. Most commencement addresses focus on pride in what you’ve accomplished or hope for your bright future. Today, I’d like to focus on something different: gratitude. I don’t mean gratitude in the Hallmark-card sense but in the active, change-making sense—to take the things from which we have benefited and pay them forward.
Being grateful is about the future, not the past. Gratitude means looking at all that you have and understanding it didn’t all come from you. Real, active gratitude carries a responsibility to share the blessings in your life with others, to make a conscious effort to make life better for others. Gratitude doesn’t mean closing your eyes to the bad in the world but opening your eyes to the good. And there is a lot of good.
—Ms. Haley served as governor of South Carolina from 2011 to 2017 and U.S. ambassador to the U.N. from 2017 to 2018.
**
A Moment for Inward Pilgrimages
Today’s students have had little space for the immaterial pleasures that make life worthwhile
By Claire Messud
For the Class of 2020, as for all who aren’t first responders or essential workers, your current duties lie, confusingly, in the negative: no gathering, no dancing or embracing, no jubilant parties. The defining rituals of the season have been suspended: proms, commencements, beach trips, parties and postgraduation travel. Instead, spring unfolds without us. In my backyard, rabbits gambol, squirrels leap and the birds sing with a new exuberance now that there’s no traffic noise from the nearby highway. The world hasn’t stopped, but our human social lives are in abeyance. How then to mark your graduation?
The 14th-century Persian poet Hafiz wrote: “I felt in need of a great pilgrimage, so I sat still for three days.” You’ve come of age over a decade characterized by endless motion, what we call at our house “the hurtling.” Everyone has been rushing ever faster, with ever greater urgency, toward unattainable goals: optimum productivity and efficiency, vast wealth, absolute knowledge, mastery of science, of technology, potentially of the universe entire.
You’ve been asked to work harder and longer than students in past generations, and there has been increasingly little space for the immaterial superfluities that make life worthwhile—sitting outside with friends, talking, the breeze tickling your skin; listening, eyes closed, to the rhythm of the tides; reading “War and Peace,” or a cookbook, or a poem. We’ve been too distracted to bother with these pleasures, which has kept us from looking at who we are as individuals and what we have become as a society. We’ve made ourselves too busy for introspection.
As you embark upon your adult lives, instead of a trip across the country or overseas, now is the time for a great pilgrimage inward. Covid-19 is, among other things, an unwelcome but necessary memento mori. Previous generations understood that they would die, might die at any time, that neither money nor science could spare them from death. The reminder that we live in uncertainty and will decidedly die shouldn’t stop us from living; quite the opposite. It should, though, impel us seriously to consider who we want to be, as individuals and in the collective.
—Ms. Messud is a novelist and essayist. Her most recent book is “The Burning Girl.”
**
Rebellion of the Hackable Animals
Defending freedom will be even more urgent once government can use technology to look into our innermost feelings
By Yuval Noah Harari
Commencement speeches are usually an occasion to give graduates advice, but instead I’d like to ask for your help in dealing with an unprecedented challenge to humanity. You have probably heard many times that your smartphone can be hacked. But the real game-changer is that soon, corporations and governments might be able to hack your body and brain. The most important thing to know about the 21st century is that humans are becoming hackable animals.
Throughout history, parents knew their children well, and lovers could sometimes peer into each other’s hearts. But the knowledge gathered by priests, merchants and tyrants always remained only skin deep.
Aleksander Solzhenitsyn describes a Soviet conference where the audience clapped their hands enthusiastically to applaud Stalin. After a few minutes of clapping, everybody became very nervous. They were all tired, but nobody wanted to be the first to stop. Finally, after 11 minutes, the director of a paper factory took the risk, stopped clapping and sat down. Immediately everyone else stopped and sat down too. That same night, the man was arrested and sent to the gulag.
Stalin could force people to smile and clap, but he couldn’t know how they actually felt. To hack human beings, you need a lot of biological knowledge, data and computing power—and Stalin didn’t have enough of these. But 21st-century Stalins—and there are already quite a few candidates for this job—might have everything it takes.
—Mr. Harari is a historian and philosopher. His most recent book is “21 Lessons for the 21st Century.”
**
Courage in the Darkness
Ordinary people who faced down communism offer inspiration for dealing with our own challenges
By Rod Dreher
A young man once confided to a religious elder his anxiety over the hard times in which he was living. This is natural, said the elder, but such things are beyond our control: “All we have to decide is what to do with the time that is given us.”
In fact, the anxious youngster was no man, but a hobbit, Frodo Baggins; the religious elder was the wizard Gandalf, to whom Frodo disclosed his fear on the road to the evil realm of Mordor. These heroes of J.R.R. Tolkien’s “The Lord of the Rings” saga came up in a conversation I had two years ago in Prague with Kamila Bendova, a key figure among Czech anticommunist dissidents.
Despite constant pressure from the secret police, Ms. Bendova and her late husband Vaclav Benda had raised their children under totalitarianism, teaching them all to be faithful Catholics. How had they done it? She talked about the many books she read to the kids. Tolkien was a particular treasure. Why Tolkien? I asked. “Because we knew that Mordor was real,” she replied.
The Mordor into which you all are now graduating has no doomed mountains or political prisons, no orcs or secret police. But thanks to the pandemic, it is still a frightening place. You did not ask to live in these times—but here you are. What to do?
—Mr. Dreher is the author of the forthcoming book “Live Not by Lies: A Manual for Christian Dissidents.”
**
The Generation of Progressive Change
Today’s graduates have a rare chance to create a more just, fair and diverse America than we had before the virus
By Sherrod Brown
Your grandparents may brag to you about the good old days, and your parents may tell you that your generation is apathetic and self-centered. But I’ve seen something different. You are the most activist generation in decades.
Of course, none of you thought you would graduate into this world. Now, baby boomers have left you with an economy in shambles, in large part because we allowed the best public health system in the world to atrophy. The pandemic has laid bare our country’s faults and taught us much about ourselves. You now see a country with gaping holes in the public-safety net; an excellent education system for the most affluent but an inadequate one for so many others; soaring income and ballooning wealth for the tiny sliver of people at the top, alongside declining opportunity and stagnant wages for the vast middle class and those who aspire to the middle class.
Luckily, your generation has never been very good at quietly accepting the hand you’ve been dealt. Through all the pain and death and shrunken wealth and lost jobs for millions brought on by this pandemic, I see a glimmer of hope—an opportunity for a new start for our country, brought on by the leadership of your generation. You have a chance to build a new society out of the failures of this one.
—Mr. Brown is the senior U.S. senator from Ohio and the author of “Desk 88: Eight Progressive Senators Who Changed America.”
**
Preparing to Move On in a Time of Losses
Put your disappointments in context—and learn from this stress test of American government and society
By Annette Gordon-Reed
First, I want to say how deeply sorry I am about the circumstances that make this type of commencement address necessary. Students in their final year are special. They are on the cusp of finishing a multiyear journey that has inevitably helped transform them in ways anticipated and not.
From my own experiences at college and law school, and as a parent of college graduates, I know that senior year can be a time of mixed emotions. I recall being excited about graduating but also slightly alarmed. “They’re going to make us leave!” I joked to my friends as we sat outside on a perfect spring day. Those final weeks of getting ready for graduation—wrapping up classes and making plans for my family to come up for the ceremony—helped ease the tension by forcing me to remember what those years had been about: preparation to move on in life.
There is no way to hide from the stark fact that you have been deprived of that preparation. You have missed out on some things that I’m sure most of you were looking forward to greatly: having your parents—for the first time for some of you—get to see the place where you lived and learned, meet your friends and their families in person, and share the pomp and circumstance as you were sent on your way.
But the sense of loss is, I suspect, about more than the graduation ceremony. Under normal circumstances, you would have had the time to say goodbye to people who mean a great deal to you—last minute conversations, parties, arguments even. Not goodbye forever—with Marco Polo, FaceTime, Instagram and the like, you all have an advantage over my generation—but goodbye to the meaningful interactions that you have come to know over the years.
—Ms. Gordon-Reed is a professor of law at Harvard Law School and a professor of history at Harvard University.
Hitta matris
