Module1 - Mtrl - Sensing

Sensing technology

You should have a general knowledge about sensor technologies. As a start, go through the material here. Do the sensing quiz afterwards, to help you check that you know the material.

Overview slides about sensors from Isaac Skog Download Isaac Skog

• IMU
  • How MEMS Accelerometer, Gyroscope and Magnetometer Work Links to an external site. (You need only watch first 3 minutes. We will not work with the Arduino board)
  • Short calculation of impact of a gyro bias Download Short calculation of impact of a gyro bias
• Barometer
  • Typical accuracy of consumer grade barometric sensors Links to an external site.(1min)
• Encoders
  
  • https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rotary_encoder Links to an external site.
  • Look at
    • different principles: Optical, Magnetic, 
    • Incremental vs absolute
• GNSS ("GPS")
  
  • How GPS works Links to an external site. (5min) and some GPS enhancement methods Links to an external site.(5min)
• Radar
  • Basic principle by U.S. Air force Links to an external site. (2min) and James May Links to an external site. (5min)
  • Stealth technology Links to an external site. (4min)
  • Air traffic control Links to an external site. (4min)
  • Examples for adaptive cruise control Honda  Links to an external site.(3min) and Bosch Links to an external site. (4min)
  • Example: Radar looking at a street Links to an external site. (2min), Car radar in urban setting Links to an external site. (2min)
• Infrared
  
  • How PIR sensors works Links to an external site. (5min)
• LIDAR
  • How LIDAR works Links to an external site.(web page). Illustration of the two most commonly used measurement principles: 
    • Time of flight Links to an external site. (1min)
    • Phase-shift Links to an external site. (1min)
      
  • What an autonomous car sees with its LIDAR Links to an external site.  (1min)
    
  • Using LIDAR to oversee machines Links to an external site. (2min in total, but you get the point in 20s)
  • Using LIDAR for safe motion in human environments Links to an external site. (2min in total, but you get the point in 20s)
•  Sonar
  • Basic principle Links to an external site. (4min)
  • Single and multi beam sonar on boats Links to an external site. (1min) and Multi-beam sonata simulation Links to an external site. (1min)
  • Examples: Side view assist Links to an external site. (2min) and Parking assistant Links to an external site. (2min)
  • Examples: Medical imaging using sonar Links to an external site. (2min) and Some more sonar basics Links to an external site. (2min) and a longer medical sonar video Links to an external site. (7min)
•  Camera
  • Image sensor Links to an external site. (6min)
  • RGB-D using structured light explained Links to an external site. (2min)
  • Global vs rolling shutters Links to an external site.
    • Video showing the distortion from a rolling shutter Links to an external site.
  • More depth-sensing Links to an external site. (blog), depth-sensing module Links to an external site.(article)
  • Example: Multi-camera car system Links to an external site. (5min) 

Extra

• Other radio based technologies for positioning:

• • Paper surveying current UltraWideBand (UWB) technologies Links to an external site.
  • There is increasing work in standardisation for improved positioning in future radio systems, targeting InternetofThings (IoT) applications. An Ericsson 3GPP perspective is given in this paper. Links to an external site.
• The HDL-64E Velodyne LIDAR sensor (Links to an external site.)Links to an external site. used in Waymo's early self-driving cars costs 70k$. More background here.  (Links to an external site.)Links to an external site.
• The TED talk by Chris Urmson from Google about how a self-driving car sees the world (Links to an external site.)Links to an external site. is interesting. Don't miss the duck at 11min10sec!
•  EEG and BCI (brain-computer interfaces)
  • Mind controlled drone Links to an external site.
  • Prosthetic limb control Links to an external site.