1.12 - Bell Pairs & Entanglement

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In this lecture, we explore the relationship between quantum entanglement and the application of the CNOT gate to superpositioned qubits. We introduce the CNOT gate's fundamental role in quantum computing and pose the question of its behavior when the control qubit is in a superposition. Through a step-by-step analysis, we describe the creation of Bell pairs, entangled states with correlated outcomes. The lecture also highlights the practical applications of these entangled states, such as quantum random number generation and secure shared randomness for communication, emphasizing the enduring entanglement even when qubits are separated.